See also the Solidarity Campaigns section for more on Eastern Europe.

• Romania
• Czechoslovakia/Czech Republic/Slovakia
• Hungary
• Moldavia

Romania

• The Romanian Class Struggle
  On January 1999 the Romanian miners marched again on the capital Bucarest in opposition to plans to close the mines. As a result miners' leader Miron Cozma was sentenced to 18 years of jail and arrested during violent clashes between miners and riot police. The miners from the Jiu Valley have a long and proud history of struggle. Alan Woods examines the implications for the process of capitalist restoration in Romania. (February 25th, 1999)

• Romania: the difficult road to restoration
  We republish this article written by Alan Woods in 1990 about the process of capitalist restoration in Romania. At that time the miners had march on the capital Bucarest and clashed with the pro-capitalist students who were organising demonstrations. Woods analyzes the situation from a class point of view. (August 1990)

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Czechoslovakia/Czech Republic/Slovakia

• Prague 2000, September 26th (S26) demonstration Analysis and eyewitness reports from around Europe
  The demonstrations in Seattle, Washington, London and Prague are an indication that something is changing. For the past twenty years, Capital has been on the offensive. On its banners are inscribed the new slogans: Liberalisation, Globalisation, Downsizing, Outsourcing, Flexibilisation, and a host of other reactionary neologisms. The fall of the Soviet Union gave a further impulse to this offensive. The bourgeoisie was filled with confidence and optimism in the future. But now, a decade after the fall of the Berlin Wall, the whole thing is beginning to come apart at the seams.

• Czechoslovakia 1968
  "Lenin wake up, Brezhnev has gone mad." This was one of the slogans chanted on the street of Prague 30 years ago as Russian and Warsaw Pact troops invaded Czechoslovakia. The upheavals in Czechoslovakia had began with a stormy session of the Writers Union which passed a resolution supporting Soviet author Solzhenitsyn's protest against censorship.

Hungary

• Hungary: the darker side of capitalist restoration
  Hungary put in a GDP growth of 6.8% in the first quarter of the year 2000 and expects a rate of growth of 5-5.5% by the end of the year. These are impressive figures, which any visitor seeing signs of a building boom, lots of new cars on the streets and a well-dressed, well-fed population would quickly confirm. Is the advent of capitalism bringing the horn of plenty to Hungary or is the picture somewhat less straight forward?

• Hungary 1956 and the Political Revolution
  We reproduce this article from 1986 on a most important event in the history of the struggle against Stalinism.

• The Forgotten Revolution. The Hungarian Soviet Republic of 1919
  On March 21st, 1919, the Hungarian Soviet Republic was proclaimed. On the 1st of August, 133 days later, this heroic chapter in the history of the Hungarian working class was brought to a close. The brief experience of the Hungarian soviet republic is a source of inspiration for all thinking workers and socialists. Only by analysing the mistakes of the past will it be possible to educate the present generation. By Alan Woods. (November 12, 1979)

Moldavia

• Moldavia- the moment of truth
  The landslide victory of the Communist Party of Moldavia in the recent parliamentary elections has a great significance for all the former republics of the Soviet Union. It is the first time that a 'Communist Party' has managed to take power on the territory of what was the USSR. By Alexey Petrov. (March, 2001)

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