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Ghandi, Mohandas - (1869-1948) was the leader of the resistance movement that later became the Congress Party of India. He organized massive opposition to British rule, but insisted on peaceful, nonviolent, passive resistance methods. Girondists - Members of the Gironde, a party in the French Revolution of 1789, which expressed the interests of the big bourgeoisie of southern and western France (most of its leaders coming from the Gironde province). They wanted to overthrow the old monarchist regime of Louis XVI which stood in the way of economic development, but feared the city poor and the peasant masses who could alone overthrow it, and therefore perpetually wavered between the revolution and the counter-revolution until finally going over to the latter. Goldman, Emma - (1869-1940) An anarchist who at first sympathized with the Russian Revolution of 1917 but soon became an opponent of the Soviet government and the Communist International. Gorky, Maxim - (1868-1936) A Russian novelist, playwright and writer of short stories who was opposed, as a pacifist to the Russian Revolution, but later reconciled himself with it, becoming a member of the Petrograd Soviet in 1919. He lent his name and support to Stalinist peace congresses and similar activities. Gosplan - State Planning Commission of the USSR, created in 1921. The Gotha Program - Program of the Socialist Workers' Party of Germany adopted in 1875 at the Gotha Congress, where the two previously separate German socialist parties, the Eisenachers and the Lassalleans, united. This program was thoroughly opportunist since the Eisenachers had made concessions to the Lassalleans on all important Gradualism - The theory that all evolutionary change is gradual rather than occurring in leaps and jumps. Gramsci, Antonio (1891-1937): Founder-member of Italian Communist Party; imprisoned by the fascists in 1926, he is know for prison notebooks and letters which made important contributions to Marxist theory - though his criticism of Stalin's Communist Party was suppressed by its leadership. Died in prison - (1928-1967) Born in Argentina. Lead the Cuban Revolution with Fidel Castro in 1958. Became minister in Cuban government. Resigned government post to fight with the guerrillas in Bolivia. Was captured and executed by the CIA.Back to the Glossary of Marxist Terms
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