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 NNapoleon III (Louis Bonaparte) - Nephew of Napoleon Bonaparte, gained the imperial throne on the crest of the French reaction after the Revolution of 1848. Basing himself on the financial and industrial bourgeoisie, Napoleon III supported reaction in other countries. In the epoch of Napoleon III the corruption of Bourgeois democracy was quite graphically revealed. See Karl Marx's The Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte. Narodniks / Narodnism - The Narodniks (populists) were an organized movement of Russian intellectuals who conducted activities among the peasantry from 1876 to 1879, when they split into two parties: one was extremely anarchistic, and was smashed after the assassination of Czar Alexander II in 1881; the other party was led by Plekhanov, and split again, the Plekhanov group becoming Marxist while the right wing evolved into the Social Revolutionary Party. A general name for those revolutionists with socialist ideals who, not knowing or accepting Marxist theory, looked to the peasants rather than the working class tp take the lead in overthrowing czarism and transforming Russia. New Economic Policy (NEP) - Adopted in 1921 to ease the tension between the peasantry and the cities, built up during the war by the requisition and confiscation of grain and foodstuffs. The NEP allowed for a measure of free trade to encourage industrialization and rebuilding. The policy was so conducted as to guard against the inherent danger of capitalist restoration; nevertheless, the NEPmen - beneficiaries of the policy - were often involved in speculations and shady dealings beyond the bounds of the policy, and were to become a conservative layer within Russian society. Back to the Glossary of Marxist Terms
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